<DIV class=newscontent>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">水稻细菌性褐斑病又称为细菌性鞘腐病<SPAN lang=EN-US>, </SPAN>一般在<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>月下荀至<SPAN lang=EN-US>8</SPAN>月初发生。<SPAN lang=EN-US>2006</SPAN>年梅河口市北部稻田区大面积发生<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>其中牛心顶镇大沙河村、新红村、三里村等地发生较重。严重田块，远看稻株叶尖成片发红，近看上部叶片有褐斑或条斑。防治不及时可造成叶片干尖坏死、后期抽不出穗、产量降低、稻谷品质下降、出现病斑米等危害。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">一、<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">症状识别</B><SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN>水稻细菌性褐斑病为害水稻叶片、叶鞘、穗、枝梗和谷粒。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">、叶片染病初期伙褐色水浸状小斑，后扩大为纺锤形或不规则赤色条斑，边缘出现黄晕，病斑中心灰褐色，病斑常融合成大条斑，使叶片局部坏死，田间不见菌脓。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">、叶鞘受害多发生在严重地块中的幼穗抽出前的穗苞上，病斑赤褐色，短条状，后融合面水渍状不规则大斑，后期中央灰褐色，组织坏死。剥开叶鞘，茎上有黑褐色条斑，剑叶发病病严重时抽不出穗。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">、已抽出穗受害部多在新抽穗的颖壳上，初为近圆形褐色小斑点，严重的不但整个颖壳变褐色，有的还可深入到米粒上，形成病斑米。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">二、病原及其发生规律和条件：<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">水稻细菌性褐斑病的中文别名为<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN>细菌性鞘腐病，拉丁学名为<SPAN lang=EN-US>:PseudomonasoryzicolaKlement</SPAN>。病原菌形态特征<SPAN lang=EN-US>:</SPAN>菌体秆状，单生，偶尔成双，一端有<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>－<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>根极鞭。病原在种子上和病组织中越冬，成为下年侵染源。病菌主要通过伤口侵入机体，也可通过水孔、气孔侵入。病原细菌可在水中存活<SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN>－<SPAN lang=EN-US>30</SPAN>天，并可以随水流传播。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">近几年来此病的危害呈上升趋势<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>尤其在抽穗期遇低温或阴雨连绵时<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>高产栽培田块危害往往严重<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>病菌侵入谷粒产生病斑米<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>影响稻米品质。强风暴雨常促成病害蔓延，低温可加重为害。土壤酸性、偏施氮肥都有利于发病。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">经调查，当前尚无明显免疫或高抗品种，但品种间抗病差异显著，有的品种抗病性较高。梅河口市当前种植的秋田小町、吉梗<SPAN lang=EN-US>88</SPAN>的田块多数感病。感病谷粒、米粒黑斑点较多，严重影响大米品质。近年来，梅河口市大米商家在加工秋田小町、吉梗<SPAN lang=EN-US>88</SPAN>水稻品种稻谷时，必需通过色选机清除病斑米的色选工序，才能完全选出精米。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">三、<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">防治措施</B>：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #3f773e; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">1.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">轮换选择优质、抗病品种。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">2.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">消灭菌源。带病种子要进行消毒处理；带病稻草要进行销毁，稻田附近或池埂上的野生寄主（杂草）也要清割除掉。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">3.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">药剂防治。水稻细菌性褐斑病为细菌病害，常与稻瘟病同期伴随发生，应采用细菌杀菌剂和真菌杀菌剂配施防治。方法是：每<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>亩地用菌毒黑枪<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>瓶、配施稻瘟灵、或撒来旺、或富士一号<SPAN lang=EN-US>500ml</SPAN>兑水<SPAN lang=EN-US>150</SPAN>千克，于抽穗前期、齐穗期各喷施一次，严重地块在齐穗期连喷施二次，间隔<SPAN lang=EN-US>7</SPAN>天<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>可取得很好防效。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">4.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">注意稻田水肥管理。浅水灌溉、严禁与带病水田串灌；科学施肥、防止氮肥过多。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"> </SPAN></P>
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